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（法新社紐約29日電） 南美足球總會（CONMEBOL）前主席納普特涉及國際足球總會（FIFA）貪污醜聞，今天遭美國聯邦法官判處9年徒刑。法官表示，祭出重刑，應可嚇阻其他人受不義之財誘惑。
60歲的納普特（Juan Angel Napout）遭判刑，而僅僅一週前，前巴西足球總會主席馬林（Jose Maria Marin）也因同案遭判4年。
聯邦法官陳家美（Pamela Chen）宣判時表示：「一般性的嚇阻有其必要，因為國際足壇曾有貪污情事，或許現在也還是有。」
身穿米色囚服的納普特懇求法官：「我想請求您的憐憫，我希望得到您的寬恕。」
但陳家美表示，有必要告訴大家：「你不能接受賄賂從足球組織竊取數百萬元，然後什麼事都沒有…必須付出真正的代價。你會入獄，不會被輕輕放下。」
納普特也曾擔任巴拉圭足球總會主席，法官還判他罰款100萬美元，並需吐出他收受的330萬美元賄款。
納普特涉及以大型賽事的電視轉播與行銷權利換取豐厚回扣，去年12月22日被判3項罪名成立。（譯者：鄭詩韻/核稿：徐睿承）
文章來自: https://tw.news.yahoo.com/%E5%89%8D%E5%8D%97%E7%BE%8E%E8%B6%B3%E7%B8%BD%E4%B8%BB%E5%B8%AD%E7%B4%8D%E
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洪凱駖藥師~ Solving a long-standing mystery about the desert’s rock art canvas Petroglyphs are carved in a material called rock varnish, the origins of which have been debated for years. Now, scientists argue it’s the result of bacteria and an adaptation that protects them from the desert sun’s harsh rays. By Nathan Collins 5923141600_1bc3f25867_k.jpg Rock art featuring human and animal forms and handprints Petroglyphs at Mesa Verde National Park, Colorado (Christine Fry & Peter Russo) Wander around a desert most anywhere in the world, and eventually you’ll notice dark-stained rocks, especially where the sun shines most brightly and water trickles down or dew gathers. In some spots, if you’re lucky, you might stumble upon ancient art – petroglyphs – carved into the stain. For years, however, researchers have understood more about the petroglyphs than the mysterious dark stain, called rock varnish, in which they were drawn. In particular, science has yet to come to a conclusion about where rock varnish, which is unusually rich in manganese, comes from. Now, scientists at the California Institute of Technology, the Department of Energy’s SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory and elsewhere think they have an answer. According to a recent paper in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, rock varnish is left behind by microbial communities that use manganese to defend against the punishing desert sun. The mystery of rock varnish is old, said Usha Lingappa, a graduate student at Caltech and the study’s lead author. “Charles Darwin wrote about it, Alexander von Humboldt wrote about it,” she said, and there is a long-standing debate about whether it has a biological or inorganic origin. But, Lingappa said, she and her colleagues didn’t actually set out to understand where rock varnish comes from. Instead, they were interested in how microbial ecosystems in the desert interact with rock varnish. To do so, they deployed as many techniques as they could come up with: DNA sequencing, mineralogical analyses, electron microscopy, and – aided by Stanford Synchroton Radiation Lightsource (SSRL) scientist Samuel Webb – advanced X-ray spectroscopy methods that could map different kinds of manganese and other elements within samples of rock varnish. “By combining these different perspectives, maybe we could draw a picture of this ecosystem and understand it in new ways,” Lingappa said. “That’s where we started, and then we just stumbled into this hypothesis” for rock varnish formation. Among the team’s key observations was that, while manganese in desert dust is usually in particle form, it was deposited in more continuous layers in varnish, a fact revealed by X-ray spectroscopy methods at SSRL that can tell not only what chemical compounds make up a sample but also how they are distributed, on a microscopic scale, throughout the sample. That same analysis showed that the kinds of manganese compounds in varnish were the result of ongoing chemical cycles, rather than being left out in the sun for millennia. That information, combined with the prevalence of bacteria called Chroococcidiopsis that use manganese to combat the oxidative effects of the harsh desert sun, led Lingappa and her team to conclude that rock varnish was left behind by those bacteria. For his part, Webb said that he always enjoys a manganese project – “I’ve been a mangaphile for a while now” – and that this project arrived at the perfect time, given advances in X-ray spectroscopy at SSRL. Improvements in X-ray beam size allowed the researchers to get a finer-grained picture of rock varnish, he said, and other improvements ensured that they could get a good look at their samples without the risk of damaging them. “We’re always tinkering and fine-tuning things, and I think it was the right time for a project that maybe 5 or 10 years ago wouldn’t really have been feasible.” The research was supported by the National Science Foundation, the National Institutes of Health and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. SSRL is a DOE Office of Science user facility. Citation: Usha F. Lingappa et al., Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 22 June 2021 (10.1073/pnas.2025188118) For questions or comments, contact the SLAC Office of Communications at communications@slac.stanford.edu. SLAC is a vibrant multiprogram laboratory that explores how the universe works at the biggest, smallest and fastest scales and invents powerful tools used by scientists around the globe. With research spanning particle physics, astrophysics and cosmology, materials, chemistry, bio- and energy sciences and scientific computing, we help solve real-world problems and advance the interests of the nation. SLAC is operated by Stanford University for the U.S. Department of Energy’s Office of Science. The Office of Science is the single largest supporter of basic research in the physical sciences in the United States and is working to address some of the most pressing challenges of our time. X-ray Science X-ray Spectroscopy Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource (SSRL) 多念加速器啦~快讀書啦~